Petroselinum

Petroselinum is a small genus of flowering plants in the Apiaceae family. The most cultivated member is Petroselinum crispum, commonly known as parsley. Two cultivated forms are common: flat-leaf parsley (P. crispum var. neapolitanum) and curly parsley (P. crispum var. crispum).

Parsley is an herbaceous plant that is usually grown as an annual or biennial. It grows to about 20–60 cm tall with bright green, pinnate leaves. Flowers are small and yellow-green, arranged in umbels; the seeds are brown and peppery, used as a spice.

Origin and distribution: parsley is native to the central Mediterranean and is now grown worldwide in temperate regions. It prefers fertile, well-drained soil and full sun but can tolerate light shade and various soil types if kept moist.

Cultivation: Seeds germinate slowly, often 2–4 weeks. Soaking seeds or brief cold stratification can help. Regular leaf harvest encourages branching and delays bolting. Parsley grows well in garden beds and pots; in warm climates it is commonly treated as a biennial.

Uses: The leaves are used fresh or dried to flavor a wide range of dishes, and are especially valued for garnish. Parsley root is cultivated in some cuisines as a root vegetable. Seeds and essential oils have traditional carminative and diuretic uses, though culinary amounts are typically safe.