Petasin

Petasin is a natural product classified as a lipophilic sesquiterpene ester found in plants of the genus Petasites, commonly known as butterbur. The name refers to a group of closely related compounds, with petasin and related esters isolated from species such as Petasites hybridus (butterbur) and Petasites japonicus (Japanese butterbur).

Biological activity and use: In preclinical studies, petasin and its related esters have shown anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, and antitussive effects. These activities are thought to contribute to the therapeutic properties attributed to butterbur extracts, which have been used for migraine prevention and treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. Extracts are often standardized to petasin content; however, clinical evidence for petasin's efficacy as a single agent is limited, and butterbur products are typically used as part of standardized extracts rather than as isolated compounds.

Safety and regulation: Butterbur plants can contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), which are hepatotoxic. Some products have been associated with liver injury, particularly PA-containing preparations. Regulations in many regions require PA-free or PA-reduced butterbur extracts; consumers should use products from reputable manufacturers and consult healthcare providers, especially for long-term use.

Chemistry and synthesis: Petasin occurs in several stereoisomeric forms; it is typically obtained by extraction from Petasites species. The compound is not widely manufactured as a standalone pharmaceutical; research uses include pharmacognosy and pharmacology of butterbur extracts.