Pesuainet

Pesuainet are a category of cleaning agents designed to remove dirt, oils, and stains from textiles, dishes, and various surfaces. They are commonly sold as laundry detergents, dishwashing detergents, and multipurpose cleaners. The primary active components are surfactants, which reduce water’s surface tension and enable soils to be dispersed and rinsed away.

Formulations vary by application, but pesuainet typically include surfactants (anionic, nonionic, cationic, and amphoteric), water-softening builders, enzymes that break down specific stains, bleaching agents, optical brighteners, fragrances, and stabilizers. Soaps—derived from fatty acids—represent the traditional class of pesuainet, while most modern products rely on synthetic surfactants produced from petrochemical or bio-based feedstocks.

Detergent use expanded in the 20th century with advances in synthetic chemistry, enabling effective cleaning in hard water and at lower temperatures. Environmental concerns, especially nutrient pollution from phosphates, prompted regulatory action in many regions and a shift toward phosphate-free formulations and more biodegradable ingredients.

Usage guidance favors appropriate dosage, water temperature, and compatibility with fabrics or surfaces to optimize cleaning while reducing waste and environmental impact. Labels disclose ingredients, safety cautions, and sometimes environmental certifications. Regulatory regimes govern composition, labeling, and claims, with ongoing emphasis on biodegradability, toxicity, and consumer safety.

See also: Detergents, Surfactants, Cleaning agents.