Peruskuvion

Peruskuvion is a Finnish term that translates to “the base figure” or “the reference figure.” In mathematics, design, and related disciplines, it denotes a simple, standard shape that serves as the starting point or reference from which other figures are constructed, analyzed, or compared. The concept is especially common in geometry and in educational materials used to teach transformations, symmetry, and properties such as area and perimeter.

In practice, a peruskuvio may be a basic shape like a square, circle, equilateral triangle, or another regular polygon chosen for a given task. Other figures in a problem or construction are often generated by applying transformations such as translations, rotations, reflections, or scaling to the base figure, or by combining multiple copies of the base figure. The base figure thus provides a consistent reference against which changes and relationships are measured.

The term appears primarily in Finnish-language textbooks, problem sets, and instructional contexts. While it is not widely used as a technical term in every language, its function is familiar to students as the canonical or starting shape used to illustrate geometric principles, tiling, pattern generation, and design processes.

In summary, the peruskuvion is the foundational shape chosen to anchor a set of geometric constructions, analyses, or design iterations, with other figures derived from or related to this reference form. See also geometry, transformations, symmetry, tiling, and congruence.