Pertípus

Pertípus is a Hungarian term used in scientific and engineering contexts to denote a category or class of perturbations applied to a system or model. It is used to describe how external influences modify the behavior of a dynamical system, a mathematical model, or an engineered process. The concept appears in fields such as perturbation theory, control theory, dynamical systems, physics, and ecology, where different perturbation types imply different mathematical forms and analytical approaches.

Common perturbípus include additive perturbation, where the perturbation is added to the input or state (for example, x' = f(x) + w(t)); multiplicative perturbation, where the perturbation scales the effect (for example, x' = f(x)(1 + w(t))); and parametric perturbation, where parameters vary in time (p = p0 + δp(t)). Other types are stochastic or random perturbations that include noise models; impulsive perturbations that cause instantaneous jumps at discrete times; periodic or deterministic time-varying perturbations; and spatially distributed perturbations that vary over space.

The classification by perturbípus aids in selecting appropriate analytical and numerical methods for stability analysis, robustness assessment, and approximation. Researchers describe perturbations by type along with their magnitude, duration, and structure in time or space. In Hungarian-language literature, the concept is commonly expressed through phrases such as perturbáció típusa or perturbációs típus, emphasizing the functional form and origin of the perturbation rather than its mere size.