Peritoneaalidialüüs

Peritoneaalidialüüs, known in English as peritoneal dialysis, is a medical treatment used to remove waste products and excess fluids from the blood when the kidneys are unable to perform these functions effectively. It is a form of dialysis that utilizes the patient's peritoneal membrane—the lining of the abdominal cavity—as a natural filter.

The procedure involves the infusion of a special dialysis solution, called dialysate, into the peritoneal cavity through a catheter surgically placed into the abdomen. The dialysate absorbs waste products, electrolytes, and excess fluids from the blood vessels within the peritoneal lining. After a prescribed dwell time, which allows for equilibration, the fluid, now containing waste materials, is drained out and replaced with fresh dialysate. This cycle can be performed manually several times a day (manual peritoneal dialysis) or automatically overnight using a machine (automated peritoneal dialysis).

Peritoneal dialysis offers several advantages, including greater flexibility, independence, and the ability to perform treatment at home. It is generally preferred for patients who prefer a more autonomous approach or whose medical conditions make hemodialysis less suitable. However, it may carry risks such as peritonitis (infection of the peritoneal cavity), dialysate leaks, or hernias.

Candidates for peritoneal dialysis are evaluated based on their overall health, lifestyle, and specific medical needs. Training is provided to ensure proper technique and infection control measures are followed. While peritoneal dialysis can be an effective long-term treatment for end-stage renal disease, it requires ongoing management and monitoring by healthcare professionals.