Periodontológia

Periodontológia is the dental specialty focused on the supporting structures of the teeth, known as the periodontium. This includes the gums (gingiva), the periodontal ligament, the cementum, and the alveolar bone. The primary goal of periodontologia is the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases affecting these tissues, most commonly known as periodontal diseases.

Periodontal diseases, such as gingivitis and periodontitis, are primarily caused by bacterial plaque. Gingivitis is an early, reversible stage characterized by inflammation of the gums, often presenting with redness, swelling, and bleeding. If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, a more severe form where the gums begin to detach from the teeth, forming pockets. In periodontitis, the supporting bone structure can be progressively destroyed, leading to tooth loosening and eventual loss.

A periodontologist, a dentist with specialized training, performs various procedures to manage these conditions. These can range from non-surgical treatments like scaling and root planing (deep cleaning) to surgical interventions such as flap surgery, bone grafting, and soft tissue grafts. Regular professional cleanings, meticulous oral hygiene practices at home, and early detection through regular dental check-ups are crucial for maintaining periodontal health and preventing the progression of these diseases.