Percomorpha

Percomorpha is a large clade within the ray-finned fishes (Teleostei). It represents one of the most species-rich and ecologically diverse lineages of vertebrates, including a wide array of marine, freshwater, and estuarine forms.

The group is defined by phylogenetic relationships rather than a single diagnostic trait, and its precise composition has shifted with advances in molecular systematics.

Taxonomically, Percomorpha sits within the larger grouping Euteleostei and is sometimes treated as the clade uniting most percomorph lineages. In many classifications, traditional orders such as Perciformes are recognized as part of Percomorpha, with boundaries subject to revision as new data emerge.

Morphologically, Percomorpha includes fishes with a broad spectrum of body plans, fin arrangements, and life histories. There is no single trait shared by all members, reflecting extensive diversification across habitats and lifestyles.

Its diversity encompasses reef-associated species, pelagic predators, bottom dwellers, freshwater forms, and many species of economic importance in fisheries and aquarium trade. Many lineages are studied for evolutionary and ecological questions.

Fossil evidence for percomorphs dates to the Cretaceous, with substantial diversification continuing through the Cenozoic. The clade has played a central role in discussions of teleost evolution and the origins of spiny-rayed fishes.