Perchiformes

Perchiformes is a large and diverse order of ray-finned fish. It is the largest order of vertebrates, containing over 10,000 species, which is more than half of all known bony fishes. Perchiformes are found in nearly all marine and freshwater environments, from the deep sea to shallow coastal waters, and from tropical reefs to arctic seas.

The defining characteristics of Perchiformes are somewhat difficult to pinpoint due to their immense diversity. However, most members share certain skeletal features, such as a reduced number of vertebrae and specific arrangements of fin spines and rays. The pectoral fins are typically located on the sides of the body, and the pelvic fins are usually thoracic or jugular, meaning they are located below or in front of the pectoral fins. Many species have a lateral line system that is complete.

The diet of Perchiformes varies greatly, reflecting their wide range of habitats and lifestyles. They can be predators, herbivores, omnivores, or detritivores. Their reproductive strategies are also diverse, with some species laying eggs and others giving birth to live young.

This order includes a vast array of well-known fish, such as perch, bass, tuna, mackerel, gobies, blennies, and anglerfish. Many of these fish are of significant ecological and economic importance, serving as food sources and playing crucial roles in their respective ecosystems. The classification of Perchiformes is an ongoing area of research, with new species being discovered and the relationships between existing ones continuously refined through genetic and morphological studies.