Pelvisul

Pelvisul, commonly called the pelvis in English, is the basin-shaped bony structure at the base of the spine that connects the trunk to the lower limbs. It is formed by the sacrum, coccyx, and two hip bones (coxal bones). Each hip bone consists of three fused parts: the ilium, ischium, and pubis. The two hip bones join anteriorly at the pubic symphysis and posteriorly with the sacrum at the sacroiliac joints. The pelvis supports the upper body, transfers weight to the legs, and protects pelvic organs.

The pelvis is divided into the false pelvis (greater pelvis) and the true pelvis (lesser pelvis). The pelvic brim, or inlet, marks the boundary between the two and helps define the true pelvic space, which contains the pelvic organs. The pelvic outlet is the lower boundary through which the fetus must pass in childbirth. Joints include the strong sacroiliac joints and the relatively mobile pubic symphysis, all stabilized by supporting ligaments.

Sex differences are notable. The female pelvis is generally wider and shallower, with a larger pelvic inlet and outlet and a wider subpubic angle (about 80–85 degrees) to facilitate childbirth. The male pelvis tends to be narrower and more robust, with a smaller subpubic angle (about 50–60 degrees). These differences reflect functional adaptations for reproduction.

Inside the pelvic cavity lie important organs. In females, structures of the reproductive system (uterus, ovaries) are housed here, along with the bladder and portions of the intestines. In males, the prostate and surrounding structures are located nearby, with similar protection for the bladder and rectum. The pelvic floor muscles, including the levator ani and coccygeus, form a diaphragm that supports pelvic organs and contributes to continence.