Pehmittimien

Pehmittimet (softeners or plasticizers) are chemical additives used to increase the flexibility, workability, and durability of polymers and other materials. They work by inserting themselves between polymer chains, reducing intermolecular forces and lowering the glass transition temperature, which allows the material to deform more easily at ambient temperatures.

In industry, pehmittimet are most closely associated with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products. They enable the production of flexible vinyl films, hoses, cables, flooring, coatings, and coated fabrics. They are also used in some rubbers, adhesives, and sealants to improve processing and performance. The choice of plasticizer affects properties such as softness, permanence, volatility, and migration tendency.

The major classes of pehmittimet include phthalates (historically dominant plasticizers such as DEHP, DINP, and DIDP) and non-phthalate alternatives. Non-phthalate options include adipates (for example DEHA), citrates (such as ATBC), sebacates, and terephthalates, as well as polymeric plasticizers and bio-based formulations. Each class offers different compatibility with polymers, levels of plasticization, and environmental or health profiles.

Health and environmental considerations have driven regulatory action in many regions. Some phthalates have been restricted or banned in toys and childcare articles and are subject to migration limits and labeling requirements. Concerns focus on potential migration of plasticizers from products and long-term human exposure, leading to a shift toward phthalate-free or low-migration formulations in sensitive applications.

In summary, pehmittimet are essential for producing flexible, processable plastic materials, with ongoing development aimed at safer, more sustainable, and performance-tailored options.