Patellast

Patellast refers to the patella, commonly known as the kneecap. It is a small, triangular bone located at the front of the knee joint, embedded within the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle. The patella's primary function is to protect the knee joint and to increase the leverage of the quadriceps femoris muscle, thereby improving the efficiency of leg extension.

The anterior surface of the patella is subcutaneous and rough, while the posterior surface is smooth and covered with articular cartilage, articulating with the femoral condyles. This articulation allows the patella to glide smoothly during knee movements such as walking, running, and jumping. The patella's position is maintained by a complex interplay of ligaments and muscles, including the quadriceps tendon, patellar ligament, and the medial and lateral retinacula.

Disorders related to the patella include patellar dislocations, where the kneecap moves out of its normal groove, and patellofemoral pain syndrome, a common condition characterized by pain around or behind the kneecap. Fractures of the patella can also occur, typically due to direct trauma. Treatment for patellofemoral issues often involves physical therapy to strengthen surrounding muscles and improve alignment, while more severe conditions may require surgical intervention.