Pasturelands

Pastureland is land used primarily for grazing forage by domestic livestock such as cattle, sheep, goats, and horses. It is usually covered with grasses, legumes, or other herbaceous plants and can be permanent or temporary. Permanent pastures persist for multiple years, while temporary pastures or forage crops are grown for a single season and then replaced. Pastureland is distinct from cropland that grows feed crops, though the forage from pastures can complement feed chains.

Types and management: Pastures may be permanent or annual, and may be natural or improved. Improved pastures are sown with selected forage species to increase yield and nutrition; legumes are often included to add soil nitrogen. Management practices include stocking rate, rotational or mob grazing, rest periods, fertilization, reseeding, and weed control. Water, soil, and climate conditions strongly influence productivity and sustainability.

Environmental and economic aspects: Pasturelands sustain ruminant livestock and many rural economies, especially where cropping is limited. Proper management can reduce soil erosion, improve water infiltration, and support biodiversity. Management choices affect greenhouse gas emissions, soil carbon, and nutrient cycling. Sustainable pasture systems aim to balance productivity with ecological health and long-term resilience.

Global context: Pasturelands cover large land areas and vary by region in climate and productivity. Trends include intensification in some areas, pasture restoration and diversification in others, and greater emphasis on integrated land-use planning and climate-smart practices.