Parviälykkyyttä

Parviälykkyyttä, or swarm intelligence, is a field of artificial intelligence inspired by the collective behavior of decentralized, self-organized systems, typically observed in nature. Examples include ant colonies, bird flocks, and fish schools. These systems achieve complex, intelligent behavior through the interaction of many simple agents, each following basic rules. The intelligence emerges not from any single agent's superior processing power but from the collective, often through local interactions and simple feedback mechanisms.

Key principles of swarm intelligence include decentralization, where there is no central controller, and self-organization, where order arises spontaneously from local interactions. Agents communicate indirectly, often through environmental modifications (stigmergy), or directly with their neighbors. The robustness of swarm intelligence systems comes from their distributed nature; the failure of a few agents does not significantly impair the overall system's functionality.

Common algorithms based on swarm intelligence include Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), which mimics the foraging behavior of ants to find optimal paths, and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), which simulates social behavior of bird flocking or fish schooling to find optimal solutions in a search space. Swarm intelligence has found applications in areas such as optimization problems, robotics, logistics, and data analysis. The study of swarm intelligence helps us understand natural phenomena and develop novel computational approaches for complex problems.