Parodontali

Parodontali refers to conditions affecting the periodontium, which is the specialized group of tissues that surround and support the teeth. This includes the gums (gingiva), the periodontal ligament, the alveolar bone, and the cementum. The most common parodontal disease is periodontitis, a severe form of gum disease.

Gingivitis is the initial and milder stage of parodontal disease. It is characterized by inflammation of the gums, often caused by plaque buildup. Symptoms can include red, swollen, and bleeding gums. Gingivitis is generally reversible with proper oral hygiene.

If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis. In periodontitis, the inflammation extends beyond the gums to the supporting tissues. The gums begin to pull away from the teeth, forming pockets that can become infected. As the disease progresses, the bone and connective tissue that hold teeth in place are destroyed, potentially leading to tooth loosening and loss.

Risk factors for parodontal disease include poor oral hygiene, smoking, diabetes, hormonal changes, certain medications, and genetic predisposition. Early detection and treatment are crucial for managing parodontal conditions and preventing further damage. Regular dental check-ups and professional cleanings, combined with daily brushing and flossing, are essential for maintaining healthy gums and supporting tooth structures.