Paresthesie

Paresthesie, also called paresthesia, is an abnormal sensory phenomenon described as tingling, pricking, burning, or numbness. These sensations can be transient or persistent and may affect any part of the body, most commonly the hands and feet. Paresthesie can occur without illness or as a symptom of an underlying condition.

Causes are diverse. Temporary paresthesie is common after prolonged pressure on a nerve, awkward positioning, or impaired circulation. Persistent or recurrent paresthesie may indicate nerve damage or dysfunction, such as peripheral neuropathy from diabetes, alcohol use, or nutritional deficiencies (notably vitamin B12), autoimmune or inflammatory diseases, nerve injuries, infections, thyroid or kidney disease, exposure to toxins, or side effects of certain medications. Central causes include diseases affecting the brain or spinal cord, such as stroke or multiple sclerosis, though these are less frequent.

Diagnosis relies on medical history and examination, followed by targeted tests. Blood tests can screen for diabetes, B12 deficiency, thyroid problems, and mineral imbalances. Nerve conduction studies and electromyography assess nerve function. Imaging such as MRI may be indicated if a central lesion, nerve root compression, or other structural problem is suspected.

Treatment focuses on the underlying cause and symptom relief. Removing the triggering factor often stops transient paresthesie. For neuropathic or persistent symptoms, management may include controlling the underlying condition, correcting deficiencies, physical therapy, and, in some cases, medications such as anticonvulsants or antidepressants to relieve neuropathic pain. Prevention emphasizes addressing risk factors, maintaining good glycemic control when applicable, avoiding nerve injury, and ensuring adequate nutrition.