Panther

Panther is a common name used for large felids in the genus Panthera, and more specifically for melanistic individuals of the leopard (Panthera pardus) or jaguar (Panthera onca). The term is not a scientific taxon but a common name that can cause confusion about species.

Taxonomy and distribution: The leopard inhabits parts of Africa and Asia; the jaguar is native to the Americas; melanistic "black panthers" occur in both species due to a recessive mutation in melanin production. The term panther has also historically been applied to the mountain lion (Puma concolor) but this use is imprecise.

Description: Panthers are large carnivores with powerful bodies, sharp retractile claws, and strong jaws. Coat patterns: leopards have rosettes; jaguars have rosettes with central spots; melanistic individuals appear mostly black but patterning may be visible in bright light. Size varies by species; jaguars are generally stockier than leopards.

Behavior and ecology: They are solitary and territorial, with large home ranges. They are primarily nocturnal or crepuscular. Diet includes a range of mammals; jaguars are strong swimmers and often prey on caiman and other aquatic animals; leopards are adaptable and climb trees.

Conservation: Both leopard and jaguar populations face threats from habitat loss, human-wildlife conflict, and poaching for skins. Conservation status varies by region; many subspecies are listed by IUCN as Vulnerable or Near Threatened.