Panikksjúkdóm

Panikksjúkdóm, also known as panic disorder, is a mental health condition characterized by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks. A panic attack is a sudden surge of intense fear or discomfort that reaches a peak within minutes. During an attack, individuals may experience physical symptoms such as a racing heart, shortness of breath, chest pain, dizziness, trembling, and a feeling of choking. They might also have a sense of impending doom, fear of losing control, or fear of dying.

These attacks are often unexpected, meaning they occur without an apparent trigger. However, they can also be situationally bound, occurring in specific situations like public speaking or being in crowded places, and can be cued by certain thoughts or stimuli. The defining feature of panic disorder is the persistent worry about having more panic attacks or the significant behavioral changes associated with the attacks, such as avoiding situations that might provoke them. This avoidance can lead to significant distress and impairment in daily life, affecting work, school, and social relationships.

The exact causes of panic disorder are not fully understood but are thought to involve a combination of genetic, biological, and environmental factors. It is a treatable condition, and therapeutic approaches often include psychotherapy, particularly cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), which helps individuals understand and manage their panic symptoms and thoughts. Medication, such as antidepressants and anti-anxiety drugs, may also be prescribed to help manage symptoms.