Pajzstetvek

Pajzstetvek, also known as scale insects, are a superfamily of true bugs (order Hemiptera) comprising more than 25,000 described species. They are characterized by their distinctive protective covering, which can resemble scales, shells, or waxy secretions. This covering, formed by modified cuticle and exuviae, serves as a defense against predators and environmental extremes. Pajzstetvek are found worldwide, inhabiting a wide range of environments, though they are most common in tropical and subtropical regions.

These insects are wingless as adults, with females typically being immobile and lacking legs. Males are usually winged and short-lived, their primary purpose being reproduction. Pajzstetvek feed by inserting a piercing-sucking mouthpart into their host plant, extracting sap. This feeding behavior can cause significant damage to plants, leading to reduced vigor, leaf yellowing, distorted growth, and in severe cases, plant death. Many species also excrete honeydew, a sugary substance that can foster the growth of sooty mold, further impairing the plant's health.

Pajzstetvek are notorious pests in agriculture, horticulture, and forestry. They infest a wide variety of plants, including fruit trees, ornamental plants, and houseplants. Their ability to reproduce rapidly and their effective protective coverings make them difficult to control. Management strategies often involve a combination of biological control agents, horticultural oils, insecticidal soaps, and synthetic pesticides, though resistance to pesticides can be an issue.