PNH
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, commonly known as PNH, is a rare, acquired blood disorder. It is characterized by the destruction of red blood cells, a condition called hemolytic anemia. This destruction is caused by a defect in the bone marrow that produces blood cells. Specifically, PNH is caused by a mutation in the PIGA gene, which affects the production of a protein called GPI, anchoring. This protein normally protects blood cells from a part of the immune system called the complement system. Without GPI anchoring, red blood cells become susceptible to complement-mediated destruction, leading to their premature breakdown.
The symptoms of PNH can vary widely among individuals. Common signs include dark urine, especially noticeable
Diagnosis of PNH typically involves blood tests to assess for anemia and evidence of hemolysis. A flow