PHEV

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) is a type of hybrid vehicle that uses both an internal combustion engine and an electric motor, powered by a rechargeable battery that can be charged from an external electricity supply. PHEVs are designed to drive a notable portion of daily trips in electric mode, after which the internal combustion engine can engage to extend range or to provide power when the battery is depleted.

Battery capacity in PHEVs is typically larger than in conventional hybrids, commonly in the 8 to 18 kWh range, allowing electric ranges roughly from 10 to 40 miles depending on model and conditions. Charging is done via external outlets, usually Level 1 (120 V) or Level 2 (240 V) AC charging. Some models offer optional DC fast charging, but this is less common and not always supported.

In operation, drivers can choose to charge the battery at home or publicly and operate primarily in electric mode for short trips. When more range is needed or the battery is low, the gasoline or diesel engine provides propulsion and can recharge the battery through a generator. Regenerative braking also helps recharge the pack.

PHEVs can reduce tailpipe emissions in typical urban driving and improve fuel economy compared with conventional vehicles, particularly when daily trips stay within the electric range. The environmental and economic benefits depend on driving patterns and the electricity source. Upfront cost is generally higher than non-plug-in hybrids, but incentives and lower operating costs may offset this over time.