PDL1udtryk

PDL1udtryk refers to the expression of Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) on the surface of cells. PD-L1 is a protein that plays a crucial role in the immune system's ability to distinguish between self and non-self cells. It acts as a checkpoint inhibitor, binding to the PD-1 receptor on T cells, which are a type of immune cell. This interaction signals the T cell to disengage, thereby preventing it from attacking the cell expressing PD-L1.

In healthy individuals, PD-L1 expression is typically found on certain immune cells and tissues to prevent autoimmune responses. However, many cancer cells exploit this mechanism by overexpressing PD-L1. This allows them to evade detection and destruction by the immune system, creating an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.

The level of PD-L1 expression can vary significantly among different types of cancer and even within the same tumor. Measuring PD-L1udtryk is therefore an important diagnostic and prognostic tool in oncology. It is often assessed through immunohistochemistry on tumor biopsies. High PD-L1 expression is frequently associated with a poorer prognosis and can predict a patient's likelihood of responding to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies, such as anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 antibodies. These therapies work by blocking the interaction between PD-L1 and PD-1, thereby "releasing the brakes" on the immune system and allowing T cells to attack cancer cells more effectively.