Oxigéntoxicitáshoz

Oxigéntoxicitáshoz refers to the adverse effects that can occur when the body is exposed to an excessive concentration of oxygen. While oxygen is essential for life, prolonged exposure to high partial pressures can overwhelm the body's natural antioxidant defenses, leading to cellular damage. This condition is also known as oxygen toxicity.

There are two primary forms of oxygen toxicity: pulmonary and central nervous system (CNS) toxicity. Pulmonary oxygen toxicity affects the lungs and is typically associated with breathing high concentrations of oxygen for extended periods, often seen in hyperbaric oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation. Symptoms can include chest pain, coughing, and difficulty breathing. CNS oxygen toxicity occurs more rapidly and at higher partial pressures, commonly encountered in deep-sea diving when breathing enriched air. Symptoms include visual disturbances, ringing in the ears, nausea, twitching, and in severe cases, convulsions.

The exact mechanisms of oxygen toxicity are complex and involve the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS can damage cellular components like lipids, proteins, and DNA. The body has antioxidant systems to counteract ROS, but when oxygen levels are too high, these systems can be overwhelmed. Factors such as the concentration of oxygen, the duration of exposure, and individual susceptibility play a role in the development of toxicity. Treatment involves reducing the concentration or duration of oxygen exposure.