Osteokonduktion

Osteokonduktion refers to the biological process by which new bone tissue is formed along a scaffold or template provided by a biomaterial or natural structure. This phenomenon is fundamental in bone healing and regeneration, particularly in the context of orthopedic and maxillofacial surgeries. During osteokonduktion, undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells or osteoprogenitor cells migrate to the scaffold, proliferate, and differentiate into osteoblasts—cells responsible for bone formation. The scaffold serves as a structural guide, facilitating the alignment and organization of new bone matrix, which gradually mineralizes to form mature bone tissue.

This process is distinct from osteoinduction, where growth factors or signaling molecules stimulate undifferentiated cells to become osteoblasts, and osteogenesis, which involves the direct formation of bone by osteoblasts. Osteokonduktion is particularly important in situations where bone defects or gaps exist, such as in fractures, bone resections, or congenital defects. Biomaterials used for osteokonduktion include natural materials like collagen or hydroxyapatite, as well as synthetic polymers and ceramics designed to mimic the mechanical and biological properties of native bone.

Clinical applications of osteokonduktion include the use of bone grafts, synthetic bone substitutes, and tissue-engineered constructs. These materials are often combined with autologous or allogeneic bone to enhance integration and healing. While osteokonduktion is a natural part of bone repair, its efficiency can be influenced by factors such as blood supply, mechanical stability, and the presence of inflammatory or infectious processes. Research continues to explore advanced biomaterials and techniques to optimize bone regeneration through osteokonduktion.