Ortostaatista

Ortostaatista, also known as postural hypotension or orthostatic hypotension, is a form of low blood pressure that happens when you stand up from sitting or lying down. This drop in blood pressure can cause symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting, blurred vision, and nausea. It occurs because gravity causes blood to pool in the legs and lower body when you change positions. The body's normal response is to constrict blood vessels and increase heart rate to counteract this, but in orthostatic hypotension, this compensatory mechanism is insufficient or delayed.

Several factors can contribute to orthostatic hypotension. Dehydration is a common cause, as a lower blood volume reduces blood pressure. Certain medications, particularly those used to treat high blood pressure, antidepressants, and medications for Parkinson's disease, can also induce it. Age is another factor, as the body's ability to regulate blood pressure can decline with time. Underlying medical conditions such as heart problems, endocrine disorders like diabetes, and neurological conditions can also play a role.

Diagnosing orthostatic hypotension typically involves measuring blood pressure and heart rate while lying down and then again after standing for a few minutes. Treatment strategies focus on addressing the underlying cause. This may include increasing fluid and salt intake, adjusting medications, wearing compression stockings to help blood circulation, and sometimes specific medications to help raise blood pressure. Lifestyle modifications, such as changing positions slowly and avoiding prolonged standing, can also help manage symptoms.