Ortofotografie

Ortofotografie is a technique used in photogrammetry and remote sensing to capture high-resolution aerial or satellite images of the Earth's surface. These images are typically taken from low altitudes using specialized cameras mounted on aircraft or drones, or from high altitudes using satellite sensors. The primary goal of ortofotografie is to create accurate and detailed maps and models of the terrain, which can be used for various applications such as urban planning, environmental monitoring, and disaster management.

The process of ortofotografie involves several steps. First, the camera or sensor captures multiple overlapping images of the area of interest. These images are then processed using specialized software to correct for distortions caused by the camera lens, atmospheric conditions, and the curvature of the Earth. The corrected images are then stitched together to create a seamless mosaic, which is known as an orthophoto or orthomosaic.

Orthophotos are unique because they are geometrically corrected to remove distortions caused by the camera's perspective and the terrain's relief. This correction is achieved by using ground control points (GCPs) or digital elevation models (DEMs) to accurately map the location of each pixel in the image. The result is a highly accurate and detailed representation of the Earth's surface, which can be used for a wide range of applications.

Ortofotografie has several advantages over traditional mapping techniques. It allows for the rapid and cost-effective creation of high-resolution maps and models, which can be updated frequently to reflect changes in the landscape. It also provides a non-invasive and safe method for capturing data, as it does not require physical access to the area of interest. Additionally, ortofotografie can be used to monitor changes in the environment over time, such as deforestation, urbanization, and natural disasters.

However, ortofotografie also has some limitations. The quality of the orthophotos depends on the resolution and accuracy of the input images, as well as the processing algorithms used. Additionally, ortofotografie can be affected by atmospheric conditions, such as clouds and haze, which can obscure the view of the Earth's surface. Finally, ortofotografie requires specialized equipment and expertise, which can limit its accessibility and affordability.