Orthia

Orthia is a figure from Greek mythology, primarily known as a goddess associated with the hunt and sometimes identified with Artemis. She is often depicted as a virgin huntress, skilled with bow and arrow, and a protector of wild animals. In some traditions, Orthia is considered a distinct deity, while in others, she is seen as an epithet or a localized form of Artemis, particularly revered in Sparta.

The cult of Orthia was prominent in Sparta, where her worship involved significant rituals. One of the most famous rites was the Diamastigosis, a brutal flagellation ceremony performed on young Spartan boys. This ordeal was believed to strengthen them and ensure their fitness for military service, reflecting the harsh training and discipline valued in Spartan society. The exact origins of this ritual are debated, but it was a central part of Orthia's worship for centuries.

Archaeological findings at a sanctuary dedicated to Orthia in Sparta have revealed numerous votive offerings, including many small terracotta figurines of women, as well as bronze and lead objects. These artifacts provide insights into the practices and beliefs surrounding her worship. While her mythos is less extensive than that of Artemis, Orthia represents a significant aspect of Spartan religious life and their unique cultural identity.