Okuloplastiline

Okuloplastiline, in English often referred to as oculoplastic, is a subspecialty of ophthalmology focused on the eyelids, the orbit surrounding the eye, the tear drainage system, and the ocular surface. It encompasses both reconstructive and cosmetic procedures aimed at preserving or restoring eye function and improving periorbital appearance. Clinically, oculoplastic surgeons diagnose and treat eyelid malpositions such as ptosis, entropion, and ectropion; perform eyelid reconstruction after injuries or tumors; address lacrimal system disorders including nasolacrimal duct obstruction; and manage orbital diseases such as thyroid-associated orbitopathy and orbital tumors. The field also includes cosmetic interventions to rejuvenate the periorbital region, such as blepharoplasty and brow lifting, when appropriate.

Education and practice: In most countries, oculoplastic procedures are performed by ophthalmologists who have completed fellowship training or a subspecialty program in oculoplastics. Some plastic surgeons also practice oculoplastic techniques, particularly in eyelid and orbital reconstruction.

Common procedures and techniques: Blepharoplasty (upper and lower eyelids), ptosis repair (levator advancement or frontalis suspension), entropion and ectropion repair, canthal reconstruction, lacrimal surgeries including dacryocystorhinostomy and punctal occlusion, orbital decompression for thyroid eye disease, eyelid tumor excision with subsequent reconstruction, and repair of traumatic injuries.

Outcomes and risks: As with other surgical specialties, outcomes depend on individual factors and procedure type. Potential risks include infection, bleeding, scarring, diplopia, dry eye, vision changes, and injury to adjacent structures. The field emphasizes multidisciplinary care and individualized treatment planning.