Oksykodonin

Oksykodonin, also known as oxycodone, is a semi-synthetic opioid analgesic derived from thebaine, a natural opioid alkaloid extracted from the poppy plant Papaver somniferum. It was first synthesized in Germany in 1916 by Martin Freund and Helene Miescher. Oksykodonin is a potent agonist of the mu-opioid receptor, which is responsible for its analgesic (pain-relieving) effects.

The medication is commonly used to treat moderate to severe pain, often in association with other medications. Oksykodonin is available in various forms, including immediate-release and extended-release tablets, capsules, and oral liquids. The extended-release forms are designed to release the medication slowly over a long period, providing steady pain relief for several hours.

Oksykodonin exhibits a bipolar lipid solubility, which can lead to significant fluctuations in its blood concentration. As a result, the drug can vary in its potency, leading to unpredictable side effects. The medication's peak effect is achieved within 1-2 hours, and its half-life is around 3.5-4.5 hours in individuals with normal kidney function.

Oksykodonin is a centrally acting analgesic, meaning it affects the central nervous system to reduce pain perception. However, it can also have a range of effects on other bodily systems. Common side effects include drowsiness, nausea, and constipation. Oksykodonin can also be associated with dependence and abuse, especially when taken in high doses or for prolonged periods.

In 1995, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of oksykodonin in the United States under the brand name OxyContin, which is an extended-release formulation. Other countries have also allowed oksykodonin for medical use, although the approved doses and formulations may differ.