Ohutushindamine

Ohutushindamine is the process of identifying, analyzing and evaluating hazards and the associated risks to safety, health and the environment within a system, project or activity, and planning measures to reduce those risks to an acceptable level. It is applied in a range of contexts, including workplaces, construction sites, industrial processes, product development and public operations.

The purpose of ohutushindamine is to prevent accidents and injuries, protect people and property, ensure legal compliance, and support decision-making and resource allocation. It produces a risk picture and a prioritized set of actions, often documented in a risk register with assigned responsibilities and monitoring arrangements.

The typical process includes defining scope and criteria, hazard identification, risk analysis (qualitative or quantitative), risk evaluation, and risk treatment. After selecting controls, their implementation is followed by monitoring, review and communication with stakeholders. The process is iterative and may require updating as conditions change.

Methods and techniques used in ohutushindamine vary and may include checklists, brainstorming, and structured analyses such as HAZOP, FMEA, fault tree analysis or bow-tie analysis. Sources of input include incident records, audits, inspections, expert judgment and historical data, and results are often presented in risk matrices or numerical estimates.

Standards and governance: ohutushindamine is guided by international and national frameworks. Internationally, ISO 31000 provides general risk management principles, while ISO 45001 covers occupational health and safety management. In practice, national safety legislation and regulatory guidance shape how risk assessments are conducted, documented and reviewed, with emphasis on documentation, risk registers and periodic reassessment.