Oclusais

Oclusais is a dental term referring to the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth, namely the premolars and molars, that participate in the contact relationships established when the jaws close. These surfaces are involved in chewing and in guiding the jaw during various movements.

Anatomically, oclusais present cusp tips, grooves, fissures, and central fossae that form the occlusal table. The arrangement of cusps and ridges, as well as the alignment of the occlusal plane, influences how forces are transmitted during mastication. The occlusal surfaces interact in centric occlusion and during dynamic movements such as lateral and protrusive movements, often under guidance provided by anterior teeth (canine and incisor guidance).

Clinically, proper occlusal harmony is important for function and longevity of teeth and restorations. Premature contacts or high spots can create excessive forces, leading to wear (attrition), sensitivity, or fracture of teeth and restorations, and may contribute to temporomandibular discomfort or disorders. Bruxism and other parafunctional habits can exacerbate occlusal wear on the oclusais. Restorative or prosthetic planning aims to achieve balanced contacts and distribute forces evenly across the dentition.

Assessment of oclusais involves visual examination, bite registrations, articulating paper or foil, and sometimes mounting models in an articulator. Treatment options include selective occlusal adjustment, restorative recontouring or equilibration, full or partial crowns, occlusal splints or night guards, and, when needed, orthodontic treatment to restore harmonious occlusion.

Related topics include dental occlusion, occlusal trauma, and bruxism.