Oaxacas

Oaxacas is not a standard English name for a single entity. It is sometimes used informally to refer to Oaxaca, the Mexican state in southern Mexico, or to multiple places named Oaxaca. The official form in English is Oaxaca.

Geography and administration: Oaxaca state covers about 93,000 square kilometers, ranging from Pacific coastal plains to the Sierra Madre del Sur. It borders several other Mexican states and has a varied climate and terrain, including coastal areas, valleys, and highland regions. The capital and largest city is Oaxaca City (Oaxaca de Juárez).

People and language: Oaxaca is among Mexico’s most culturally diverse regions, home to numerous Indigenous communities, including Zapotec and Mixtec groups. Spanish is widely spoken, and dozens of Indigenous languages remain in use alongside contemporary Spanish.

History and culture: The region has deep pre-Columbian roots, with significant archaeological sites such as Monte Albán. The cultural landscape is reflected in traditional crafts, music, markets, and festivals. The Historic Centre of Oaxaca and the Archaeological Site of Monte Albán are designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Economy and cuisine: The economy relies on agriculture (maize, beans, coffee, tropical fruits), crafts (textiles, pottery, wood carving), and tourism. Oaxacan cuisine is highly regarded, famous for mole negro, tlayudas, and mezcal, among other dishes and beverages.

Tourism and environment: Diversity in landscapes—from coastal areas to cloud forests and mountains—supports biodiversity, with protected areas and numerous cultural sites attracting visitors.