Oaxacan

Oaxacan refers to anything related to Oaxaca, a state in southern Mexico, or to its inhabitants. The state capital is Oaxaca City, also known as Oaxaca de Juárez. Oaxaca is recognized for its ethnic and linguistic diversity, with many Indigenous communities and languages.

Geography and people: The state spans coastal plains to highlands in the Sierra Madre del Sur and includes the Istmo de Tehuantepec. It is home to a large number of Indigenous groups, notably the Zapotec and Mixtec, many of whom maintain traditional practices and bilingual or multilingual communities. Spanish is widely spoken, and Indigenous languages are taught in various regions.

History and culture: Oaxaca has deep pre-Columbian roots, with major centers like Monte Albán built by the Zapotec civilization and later associated with the Mixtec region. The colonial era left distinctive towns and churches. The annual Guelaguetza festival showcases regional music, dance, and costumes. The Historic Centre of Oaxaca and Monte Albán Archaeological Site is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Economy and cuisine: Agriculture, crafts, and tourism drive the economy. Oaxacan cuisine is renowned for mole negro, tlayudas, quesillo, and chapulines; mezcal, a traditional agave spirit, is a notable regional product. Handicrafts include black pottery from San Bartolo Coyotepec and textiles from various Indigenous communities.

Tourism and landmarks: Beyond Monte Albán, Hierve el Agua, and the region’s colonial architecture attract visitors. Oaxacan culture is expressed in markets, festivals, and street cuisine across the state.