Nötrofillerin

Nötrofillerin, also known as **neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL)**, is a protein involved in various physiological and pathological processes in humans and other animals. It belongs to the lipocalin superfamily and is primarily associated with neutrophil function, though it is expressed in other cell types as well.

NGAL plays a key role in iron transport and antimicrobial defense. In neutrophils, it binds to matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), forming a complex that regulates tissue remodeling and inflammation. Beyond its role in immune response, NGAL has been implicated in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, particularly in kidney and bone marrow cells.

As a biomarker, NGAL has gained attention for its potential in diagnosing and monitoring acute kidney injury (AKI). Elevated levels of NGAL in blood or urine are often observed in patients with AKI, making it a useful indicator of renal damage. Research also explores its utility in assessing outcomes in critical care settings, such as sepsis or post-cardiac surgery.

NGAL is produced in response to inflammatory stimuli, and its expression can be induced by cytokines like interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). While its exact mechanisms remain under investigation, NGAL appears to contribute to tissue repair and regeneration in damaged organs.

In clinical practice, NGAL testing is sometimes used alongside traditional markers like creatinine to improve the early detection of kidney injury. Further studies are ongoing to clarify its role in other diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Overall, Nötrofillerin serves as a multifunctional protein with significant implications in both health and disease.