Näytönlukeijoiden

Näytönlukeijat, often translated as screen readers, are assistive technology software programs that enable blind and visually impaired users to access and interact with visual information displayed on a computer screen, smartphone, or tablet. These programs interpret the visual content and present it audibly through synthesized speech or via a refreshable Braille display.

The core function of a screen reader is to scan the graphical user interface and extract text, images, and other elements. It then conveys this information to the user in a sequential manner, typically by reading out the text content of the active window, menu options, or any other on-screen element. Users can navigate through the interface using keyboard commands, which the screen reader interprets to perform actions like opening applications, selecting items, and typing text.

Screen readers are essential for digital accessibility, allowing individuals with visual impairments to participate fully in education, employment, and everyday online activities. They rely on well-structured and semantic web content and application design to function effectively. Websites and software that are not designed with accessibility in mind can present significant challenges for screen reader users.

Popular screen readers include JAWS (Job Access With Speech), NVDA (NonVisual Desktop Access), and VoiceOver (Apple's built-in screen reader for macOS and iOS devices). The development and widespread availability of these technologies have dramatically improved the independence and opportunities for people with visual disabilities.