Näromgivning

Näromgivning is the immediate environment surrounding a person or place, typically within short travel distances where walking, cycling, or public transport is practical. It includes housing, streets, public spaces, and nearby amenities. The concept is used to describe the physical and social context that people experience in daily life.

In research and planning, näromgivning is used to assess quality of life, health outcomes, social interaction, and mobility. It influences daily routines, choice of transport, physical activity, exposure to noise and pollution, and opportunities for social contact. The idea emphasizes how proximity to services and pleasant, safe surroundings can shape behavior and well-being.

Key elements include the physical layout (street grid, density, pedestrian infrastructure), safety and security (lighting, sightlines, crime levels), and accessibility for people with disabilities. Amenities such as retail, schools, and health services, as well as green and open spaces, are important. Transport access (bus or tram stops, bike lanes) and affordability also play roles. The social dimension covers community networks, inclusivity, and perceived belonging.

Assessment and planning for näromgivning involve mapping services and distances, using walkability and access indices, and conducting participatory planning with residents. Design aims to create walkable, connected, inclusive, and environmentally sustainable näromgivningar that reduce car dependence and support health, resilience, and social cohesion.