Nährstoffbeladung

Nährstoffbeladung, also known as nutrient loading or eutrophication, refers to the excessive enrichment of water bodies with nutrients, primarily phosphorus and nitrogen. These nutrients often originate from human activities such as agricultural runoff containing fertilizers, untreated or inadequately treated sewage, and industrial wastewater. Natural sources like atmospheric deposition and decaying organic matter also contribute.

When excessive nutrients enter a lake, river, or coastal area, they stimulate the rapid growth of algae and aquatic plants, a phenomenon known as algal bloom. These blooms can have several negative consequences. As the algae die and decompose, bacteria consume large amounts of dissolved oxygen in the water. This depletion of oxygen, or hypoxia, can lead to the death of fish and other aquatic organisms that require oxygen to survive, creating dead zones.

Furthermore, dense algal blooms can block sunlight from reaching submerged aquatic vegetation, hindering its growth and affecting the habitat for many species. Some types of algae also produce toxins that can be harmful to wildlife, pets, and humans. The aesthetic quality of water bodies can also be degraded by the presence of thick algal mats and unpleasant odors. Addressing nutrient loading typically involves reducing nutrient inputs through improved wastewater treatment, sustainable agricultural practices, and better land management.