Nyelvitervezés

Nyelvitervezés, often translated as language planning, refers to deliberate efforts to influence the characteristics of a language in order to solve a problem of communication or to achieve specific societal goals. This can involve a range of activities, from establishing official languages to standardizing grammar and orthography, or even creating entirely new languages.

Language planning is typically undertaken by governments, international organizations, or academic institutions. The primary objectives can vary widely. For instance, it might aim to promote national unity by selecting or developing a common language for a multilingual population. Alternatively, it could focus on increasing literacy rates through standardization and the simplification of writing systems. In some cases, language planning may involve the revival or preservation of endangered languages.

Key aspects of language planning include corpus planning, which deals with the structure of the language itself, such as vocabulary, grammar, and phonology, and status planning, which concerns the role and use of a language in society, including its selection as an official language or its use in education and media. Lexical innovation and borrowing are also common strategies within language planning to adapt a language to new concepts or technologies. The success of language planning efforts is often debated and depends on various social, political, and economic factors.