Nusayriyyah

The Nusayriyyah, also known as Alawites or Alawi, are a syncretic ethno-religious group native to the Levant. Their religious beliefs are a complex blend of Shia Islam, Gnosticism, and pre-Islamic Anatolian and Syrian traditions. They are distinct from the Twelver Shia, the largest branch of Shia Islam, and their theological tenets are often considered esoteric and known only to initiated members.

Historically, the Nusayriyyah have faced periods of persecution and have largely kept their religious practices private. Their theology emphasizes the divine nature of Ali ibn Abi Talib, the fourth Rashidun Caliph and cousin of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, whom they consider an incarnation of God. They also venerate Muhammad and his family. Their cosmology includes a complex hierarchy of divine manifestations and spiritual concepts.

The majority of Nusayriyyah reside in the coastal mountains of Syria, particularly in the Latakia Governorate. Smaller communities can also be found in Turkey and Lebanon. Due to their historical reticence regarding their faith and their distinct practices, they have often been misunderstood and sometimes ostracized by other Muslim communities.

In modern times, the Alawite community has played a significant role in Syrian politics, with many holding prominent positions in the government and military. This has led to both increased visibility and increased scrutiny of the group. Despite external perceptions, the Alawite community itself is diverse, with varying degrees of religious observance and interpretation of their faith.