Nonsoilbased

Nonsoilbased describes growing systems that do not rely on traditional soil as the growing medium. In horticulture and agriculture, nonsoilbased methods include hydroponics, aeroponics, aquaponics, and other soilless cultures. In hydroponics, plants grow with their roots in nutrient solutions, often supported by inert media such as rock wool, perlite, or coco coir, allowing precise control of nutrients and environmental conditions. Aeroponics suspends roots in air and applies a fine mist of nutrient solution, offering high oxygen exposure and rapid growth, but requiring reliable pumps and monitoring. Aquaponics combines plant cultivation with aquaculture; fish waste provides nutrients while plants help purify water, creating a collaborative ecosystem, though balancing nutrient levels and maintaining water quality can be complex.

Nonsoilbased systems are used in controlled environments like greenhouses and urban farms, and are attractive for water-use efficiency, space efficiency, and the ability to grow in regions with poor or contaminated soils. They support year-round production, vertical farming, and rapid crop cycles, but typically involve higher capital costs, energy consumption for climate control and pumps, and specialized management to prevent nutrient imbalances, algal growth, and disease.

Substrates and techniques vary, from nutrient film technique and floating rafts to slab or column media. The concept emphasizes plant care through precise nutrient delivery and environmental control rather than soil biology.