Nonmonotheistic

Nonmonotheistic refers to belief systems that do not center on a single, all-powerful deity. The term functions as an umbrella for diverse religious and philosophical traditions that either worship multiple gods, emphasize a universal divine reality, or do not posit a personal creator. It is distinct from monotheism, which asserts the existence of one God.

Within nonmonotheistic traditions there are several patterns: polytheism (many gods with distinct spheres of influence); henotheism or monolatry (worship of one god while acknowledging others); pantheism (the divine is identical with the universe); and panentheism (the divine both transcends and pervades the universe). Some non-theistic systems, such as certain forms of Buddhism, Jainism, or Confucianism, do not center on a personal god. Atheism or agnosticism can also be described as nonmonotheistic insofar as they reject a single creator deity.

Examples and contexts: Hinduism is frequently described as nonmonotheistic because of many gods and diverse theological schools, though some Hindu philosophies posit a single ultimate reality (Brahman). Classical Greco-Roman religions are polytheistic. East Asian traditions blend myth with ancestor worship and nonpersonal concepts of the divine. Contemporary neopagan and humanist movements often aim for nonmonotheistic frameworks.

Usage and notes: The label nonmonotheistic is descriptive and varies among scholars and traditions, reflecting debates over labeling and internal diversity. It is primarily used to distinguish belief systems from monotheistic Abrahamic traditions.