Nonmetabolizované

Nonmetabolizované is a term used in pharmacology and toxicology to describe substances that are not subject to biochemical transformation by the body's metabolic enzymes. In this sense, the molecule remains in its original chemical form as it passes through the body, rather than being altered by metabolic processes such as oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, or conjugation.

In pharmacokinetics, the fraction of a drug that is nonmetabolizované is eliminated largely as the parent compound. This fraction may be excreted in urine after renal filtration or secretion, or in feces if biliary excretion occurs. Some volatile or inhaled substances may be eliminated unchanged through the lungs. The relative contribution of nonmetabolizované elimination depends on the chemical properties of the compound and on individual physiology.

Several factors influence whether and how much a substance is nonmetabolizované. These include lipophilicity and polarity, structural susceptibility to enzymatic attack, liver and kidney function, age, genetic variations in metabolic enzymes, and interactions with other drugs that inhibit or induce metabolism. Disease states, nutrition, and environmental factors can also modify metabolic capacity.

Clinical relevance: The extent of metabolism affects drug clearance, half-life, and potential drug interactions. Substances with little or no metabolism may rely more on renal or other routes of elimination, affecting dosing and safety considerations. Examples of drugs commonly reported as being excreted largely unchanged include metformin and atenolol, though the degree of nonmetabolizované elimination varies among individuals.