Noncancerous

Noncancerous is a term commonly used to describe tissues, growths, or tumors that are not cancerous. In medical contexts, the more precise term is benign. Benign growths differ from malignant (cancerous) tumors in their behavior and tendency to spread.

Benign growths typically grow slowly and stay localized to one area. They usually have well-defined borders and do not invade surrounding tissues or metastasize to distant parts of the body. Because of their limited growth and noninvasive nature, many benign tumors do not threaten life. However, size or location can cause problems by pressing on organs, nerves, or blood vessels, or by producing hormones.

Common examples of noncancerous tumors include lipomas (fat tissue), fibromas (fibrous tissue), adenomas (glandular tissue), osteomas (bone), and hemangiomas (blood vessels). Some noncancerous lesions may be discovered incidentally during imaging studies for other conditions.

Diagnosis generally involves imaging tests such as ultrasound, X-ray, CT, or MRI, followed by a tissue biopsy or histological examination to determine whether a growth is benign or malignant. The classification hinges on how the cells look under a microscope and how the lesion behaves clinically.

Treatment is not always required for noncancerous growths. Many are monitored over time (watchful waiting), especially if they are small and asymptomatic. Intervention, when needed, may include surgical removal, laser therapy, or other procedures, particularly if the growth causes symptoms, cosmetic concerns, or functional impairment. Recurrence can occur but is usually less aggressive than malignancy.