Nobelipreemia

Nobelipreemia, translated as Nobel Prize, is a set of annual international awards bestowed in several categories by Swedish and Norwegian institutions in recognition of academic, cultural, and scientific advances. The will of Swedish scientist Alfred Nobel established the prizes in 1895 as a testament to his fortune to honor those who conferred the greatest benefit to humankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. The first Nobel Prizes were awarded in 1901. The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences was established in 1968 by the Bank of Sweden for Alfred Nobel Memorial Fund.

The prizes are widely regarded as the most prestigious awards available in their respective fields. The awards are presented annually on December 10th, the anniversary of Alfred Nobel's death. Laureates receive a medal, a diploma, and a monetary award. The monetary award has varied over the years. The Nobel Foundation is the managing entity of the Nobel Prize's assets.

The prizes are awarded by a number of nominating bodies. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awards the Nobel Prize in Physics and Chemistry, as well as the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel. The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet awards the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. The Swedish Academy awards the Nobel Prize in Literature. The Norwegian Nobel Committee awards the Nobel Peace Prize.

Alfred Nobel's will stipulated that the prizes should be awarded to those who "shall have conferred the greatest benefit to mankind during the preceding year." This criterion has been interpreted in various ways over the years. The selection process for each prize is rigorous and involves nominations from qualified individuals and committees, followed by extensive deliberation and voting.