Nizatidin

Nizatidine, also spelled nizatidin, is a histamine H2 receptor antagonist used to reduce gastric acid production. It is marketed under the brand name Axid and has been used in the treatment of peptic ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease in various countries. The drug was developed in the late 20th century and has been one of several H2 blockers employed to manage acid-related disorders.

Medical uses include the treatment of duodenal and gastric ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and erosive esophagitis. It may also be used for gastritis and, in some settings, to prevent stress-related ulcers in hospitalized patients.

Nizatidine works by competitively antagonizing histamine at H2 receptors on gastric parietal cells, thereby reducing acid secretion and increasing gastric pH. This mechanism helps alleviate symptoms and supports the healing of ulcers and reflux-related mucosal damage.

When given orally, nizatidine is reasonably well absorbed, with an onset of action within one to two hours and a duration that supports twice-daily dosing in many regimens. It is primarily excreted by the kidneys, so dose adjustment is recommended in patients with renal impairment.

Common adverse effects are generally mild and may include headache, dizziness, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Less commonly, confusion or changes in liver enzymes can occur, especially in the elderly or those with preexisting kidney or liver disease. Nizatidine may interact with drugs that require an acidic gastric environment for absorption and with antacids.