Nifaq

Nifaq is an Arabic term that translates to hypocrisy or double-dealing. In an Islamic context, it refers to a state of outward adherence to Islam while inwardly harboring disbelief or a lack of sincere faith. This concept is extensively discussed in the Quran and Hadith, where it is portrayed as a serious spiritual ailment.

There are generally considered to be two main types of nifaq. The first is nifaq akbar, or major hypocrisy, which involves outright denial of faith and its core tenets, often accompanied by a deliberate effort to deceive believers. This type of hypocrisy is considered to lead to eternal damnation. The second is nifaq asghar, or minor hypocrisy, which refers to having certain hypocritical characteristics without necessarily denying the faith itself. Examples of minor hypocrisy include lying, breaking promises, and betraying trusts, which are seen as morally reprehensible actions that weaken one's faith.

The Quran describes hypocrites as those who "say, 'We believe in Allah and the Last Day,' but they do not [truly] believe." They are often depicted as being in the lowest depths of the Fire, indicating the severity with which this condition is viewed. The distinction between outward actions and inner intentions is central to understanding nifaq, as true faith is understood to stem from the heart. Religious scholars have extensively analyzed the signs and manifestations of nifaq to help individuals identify and purify themselves of such traits.