Neuromotrici

Neuromotrici, often translated as neuromotoric or neuromotor, denotes the system that coordinates movement through neural control of muscles. It encompasses the central components that generate motor commands, the peripheral components that transmit these commands to muscles, and the muscular effectors that execute contraction. The core elements include upper and lower motor neurons, the neuromuscular junction, peripheral nerves, muscle fibers, and the motor units formed by a motor neuron and the fibers it innervates. Proprioceptive sensors such as muscle spindles contribute to feedback that refines ongoing movement.

Movement begins with motor planning in cortical areas, followed by transmission through descending pathways to spinal motor circuits. Motor neurons convey action potentials to muscle fibers, triggering contraction via the neuromuscular junction. The resulting force is modulated by recruitment and rate coding of motor units, and by sensory feedback that adjusts posture and precision.

Clinical relevance: Disruptions of the neuromotrici can affect any level of this pathway. Diseases include motor neuron diseases (e.g., amyotrophic lateral sclerosis), peripheral neuropathies, neuromuscular junction disorders (e.g., myasthenia gravis), and myopathies. Diagnosis often employs electrophysiological studies such as electromyography (EMG) and nerve conduction studies, along with imaging and clinical examination.

Research and applications: The neuromotrici is central to neurorehabilitation, brain-computer interfaces, and the development of prosthetics and assistive devices. Understanding motor control supports therapy to improve movement, balance, and functional independence.