Neuromodulationstechniken
Neuromodulation refers to the targeted alteration of nervous system activity through the delivery of stimuli to neural tissue. Unlike simple neural stimulation, neuromodulation aims to modulate neuronal excitability, synaptic plasticity, and network dynamics to achieve therapeutic effects or research insights. Stimuli may be electrical, chemical, magnetic, or optical and can be delivered invasively or non-invasively. The goal is to adjust neural circuits rather than to trigger specific motor outputs directly.
Common non-invasive methods include transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), and transcutaneous electrical
Clinically, neuromodulation is used for chronic pain, movement disorders (e.g., Parkinson's disease, essential tremor), epilepsy, and
Risks include infection, bleeding, device malfunction, skin irritation, mood changes, or seizures, depending on modality. Efficacy