Neurohormonáln

Neurohormones are signaling molecules produced by specialized nerve cells called neurosecretory cells. These cells, often found in the hypothalamus of the brain, possess characteristics of both neurons and endocrine glands. They receive neural input and, in response, synthesize and release hormones directly into the bloodstream or the cerebrospinal fluid. This allows them to act as messengers between the nervous system and the endocrine system, bridging the gap between neural electrical signals and hormonal chemical signals.

The primary function of neurohormones is to regulate a wide range of physiological processes. They play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis, controlling functions such as water balance, blood pressure, body temperature, and reproductive cycles. For example, antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin are well-known neurohormones produced in the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary gland. ADH regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys, while oxytocin is involved in social bonding, childbirth, and lactation.

Neurohormones also influence behavior and emotional states. They can affect mood, appetite, stress responses, and sleep patterns. The release and action of neurohormones are tightly regulated by feedback mechanisms, ensuring that the body's internal environment remains stable. Their discovery and study have significantly advanced our understanding of how the brain controls and coordinates various bodily functions through a complex interplay of neural and hormonal signaling.