Netplay

Netplay refers to the practice of playing video games with others over a computer network, enabling multiplayer play across distance. It encompasses online play over the internet, play over local area networks (LAN), and any setup that connects players in real time. Games implement netplay through centralized servers, peer-to-peer connections, or host-based hosting, with varying degrees of central control and synchronization.

Netcode describes how a game's state is synchronized among players. Performance depends on latency, bandwidth, and packet loss. Common architectures include client-server (server authoritative), where a central server validates actions; lockstep, where all clients simulate using identical inputs; and rollback or prediction-based schemes that correct discrepancies when they are detected. Transport protocols often favor UDP for speed, with selective reliability or occasional TCP for critical data. Establishing connections may require NAT traversal, port forwarding, and matchmaking. Security and anti-cheat measures, as well as privacy controls, are important considerations in public netplay.

Netplay has roots in online gaming from the 1990s and earlier, evolving from dial-up multiplayer to widespread online services. Console ecosystems provide standardized netplay experiences through services such as Xbox Live, PlayStation Network, and Nintendo Online, while PC platforms such as Steam, Battle.net, and GOG Galaxy offer built-in matchmaking and streaming features. Emulation communities also use dedicated netplay implementations to synchronize retro games, often employing rollback techniques to improve responsiveness.

Netplay broadens access to multiplayer but depends on network conditions and netcode design. Users may encounter latency sensitivity, jitter, and regional restrictions. Privacy, security, and anti-cheat concerns also shape netplay experiences, alongside player limits, voice chat, and compatibility of game versions.